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small strategy

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1 small strategy

Военный термин: малая стратегия, оперативное искусство

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > small strategy
2 small strategy

малая стратегия, оперативное искусство

English-Russian military dictionary > small strategy
3 strategy

стратегия; см. тж. doctrine, concept, policy

massive (nuclear) reprisal strategy — стратегия «массированного возмездия», стратегия нанесения массированных ответных ЯУ

massive (nuclear) retaliation strategy — стратегия «массированного возмездия», стратегия нанесения массированных ответных ЯУ

— acceptable risk strategy

— accomplished fact strategy

— action-reaction strategy

— active counteraction strategy

— adopt a strategy

— aerospace strategy

— air strategy

— alliance strategy

— allied strategy

— all-out war strategy

— ambiguity strategy

— annihilation strategy

— appropriate reaction strategy

— appropriate response strategy

— area pressure strategy

— asymmetrical containment strategy

— Atlantic strategy

— attrition strategy

— balance of power strategy

— base strategy

— beheading strategy

— block strategy

— Blue Water strategy

— breakthrough strategy

— broad front strategy

— carry out the national military strategy

— coalition defense strategy

— coalition strategy

— conflict strategy

— containment strategy

— continental strategy

— controlled response strategy

— counter containment strategy

— crisis prevention strategy

— dagger-at-the-underbelly strategy

— damage-limiting strategy

— decapitation strategy

— deep-sea strategy

— defense strategy

— defensive strategy

— deferring aggression strategy

— destruction strategy

— deterrence strategy

— deterrent strategy

— develop a strategy

— direct confrontation strategy

— direct strategy

— dissuasion strategy

— double thrust strategy

— facing-all-ways defense strategy

— first-strike strategy

— flexible operations strategy

— flexible option strategy

— flexible reaction strategy

— flexible response counterforce strategy

— flexible response strategy

— force projection strategy

— fortress America strategy

— forward technology strategy

— global strategy

— grab and hold strategy

— graduated response strategy

— grand strategy

— high-cost-of-entry strategy

— high-risk strategy

— independent defense strategy

— indirect strategy

— ink spot strategy

— interventionist strategy

— limited strike strategy

— limited war strategy

— low-risk strategy

— maritime strategy

— massive long-range bombing strategy

— military alliance strategy

— military strategy

— minimax strategy

— minimum deterrence strategy

— minimum medium risk strategy

— mini-nuke strategy

— minor strategy

— missile strategy

— mixed strategy

— multioption nuclear strategy

— multiside selection strategy

— mutual devastation strategy

— mutual-deterrence strategy

— national coordinative operational military strategy

— national security strategy

— national strategy

— naval strategy

— no cities strategy

— nonnuclear strategy

— non-war strategy

— nuclear all-or-nothing strategy

— nuclear option strategy

— nuclear strategy

— nuclear targeting strategy

— nutcracker strategy

— ocean strategy

— offense-only strategy

— offensive forward strategy

— offensive strategy

— operational strategy

— out of city strategy

— Pacific strategy

— peripheral strategy

— phase strategy

— pragmatic strategy

— pre-nuclear strategy

— protracted limited nuclear war strategy

— quiet creeping counterrevolution strategy

— realistic containment strategy

— realistic deterrence strategy

— redirection strategy

— retaliation strategy

— retaliatory strategy

— selective option strategy

— shield and sword strategy

— single weapon strategy

— single-thrust strategy

— sister-city strategy

— small strategy

— space strategy

— stable deterrence strategy

— stalemate strategy

— strike second strategy

— strike-back only strategy

— superior counteraction strategy

— symmetrical containment strategy

— tactical nuclear strategy

— tactical strategy

— total force strategy

— total strategy

— total war strategy

— transmission time strategy

— trigger strategy

— two-up-one-back strategy

— victory-through-airpower strategy

— war-fighting strategy

— war-winning strategy

— wearing-out strategy

English-Russian military dictionary > strategy
4 SPC

1) Общая лексика: Научно-Производственный Центр, Секретариат Тихоокеанского сообщества (Secretariat of the Pacific Community), Sientific and Production Company, НПФ (нучно-производственная фирма

2) Медицина: (statistical process control) статистический контроль (качества), symptoms/problems/complaints (критерий безопасности и эффективности при исследовании нового продукта медицинского назначения), Summary of Product Characteristics (при описании лекарственных сресдтв, препаратов.), Краткая характеристика лекарственного средства

3) Спорт: Service, Special Player Character, Supplementary Player Character

4) Военный термин: SIGINT Processing Center, Senior Political Committee, Specialist, Strategy and Planning Committee, single prime contractor, spare parts catalog, special common, special-purpose code

5) Техника: Siemens power corporation, Sort Parts Carefully, special program code, speech-processor chip, standby pressure control, stored program controller, stored-program control, suppression pool cooling, sync pulse generator

6) Шутливое выражение: Samurai Pizza Cats, South Park Coalition

7) Юридический термин: special purpose company( зачастую off-shore)

8) Грубое выражение: Small Penis Carrier, Stupid Pointless Crap

9) Телекоммуникации: Service Provider Code, Semi-Permanent Circuit (Telstra)

10) Сокращение: Science Program Committee, Society for the Prevention of Crime, Software Productivity Consortium, South Pacific Commission, Special Projects Co-ordination (UK), Statistical Process Control, Statistical Programs Coordinator, Stored Program Control, Synthetic Particulated Chaff, survey of population change, suspended plaster ceiling, special common (projectile), SCSI-3 Primary Commands, summary of product characteristics

11) Университет: Student Paper Competition

12) Электроника: Series Parallel Capacitor, Sound Processing Core, Standard Plate Count, Stored Program Control Exchange

13) Вычислительная техника: Stored Program Command, Solution Partner Center (IBM), SCSI-3 Primary Commands (SAM, SCSI)

14) Биотехнология: Stem and progenitor cell

15) Экология: Satellite Processing Center

16) Патенты: Supplementary Protection Certificate

17) Деловая лексика: Special Procedure Cost, Strategic Planning Committee, Strategic Planning Conference, Strategy Planning Concept, special purpose company

18) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: corrected

19) Производство: статистический контроль производственных процессов

20) Образование: Schools Pupil Council

21) Сетевые технологии: standard peripheral controller, контроллер стандартных периферийных устройств

22) Полимеры: soap, perfumery and cosmetics

23) Программирование: Service Program Code

24) Автоматика: система статистического контроля (производственных) процессов, статистический контроль ( производственных) процессов, устройство статистического контроля (производственных) процессов

25) Телефония: вероятность получить отказ при осуществлении звонка

26) Сахалин Р: corrected sp

27) Океанография: Storm Prediction Center

28) Макаров: spindle control

29) Безопасность: Software Protection Code

30) Расширение файла: Atari Compressed Spectrum file Bitmap graphics, Small Peripheral Controller, Text to speech, WordPerfect Special Temporary file

31) Нефть и газ: песчаная пробка (SPC = sand plug cleaning / м/р "Каражанбасмунай" - пос.старый Жетыбай), подводно-добычной модуль, подводный добычной модуль, подводно-добычной комплекс, ПДК, добычной подводный модуль, подводный модуль, подводный модуль для добычи углеводородов, offshore subsea production module, subsea production complex, subsea production module, subsea production unit, underwater production unit

32) Военно-политический термин: Supreme Political Committee

33) Антарктика: Комиссия по южной части Тихого океана

34) Электротехника: split-phase current

35) Фантастика Star Patrol Cruiser

36) Общественная организация: Suicide Prevention Care

37) NYSE. St. Paul Companies, Inc.

38) Аэропорты: Santa Cruz de la Palma, Canary Islands

39) НАСА: Solar Protective Coating

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > SPC
5 Spc

1) Общая лексика: Научно-Производственный Центр, Секретариат Тихоокеанского сообщества (Secretariat of the Pacific Community), Sientific and Production Company, НПФ (нучно-производственная фирма

2) Медицина: (statistical process control) статистический контроль (качества), symptoms/problems/complaints (критерий безопасности и эффективности при исследовании нового продукта медицинского назначения), Summary of Product Characteristics (при описании лекарственных сресдтв, препаратов.), Краткая характеристика лекарственного средства

3) Спорт: Service, Special Player Character, Supplementary Player Character

4) Военный термин: SIGINT Processing Center, Senior Political Committee, Specialist, Strategy and Planning Committee, single prime contractor, spare parts catalog, special common, special-purpose code

5) Техника: Siemens power corporation, Sort Parts Carefully, special program code, speech-processor chip, standby pressure control, stored program controller, stored-program control, suppression pool cooling, sync pulse generator

6) Шутливое выражение: Samurai Pizza Cats, South Park Coalition

7) Юридический термин: special purpose company( зачастую off-shore)

8) Грубое выражение: Small Penis Carrier, Stupid Pointless Crap

9) Телекоммуникации: Service Provider Code, Semi-Permanent Circuit (Telstra)

10) Сокращение: Science Program Committee, Society for the Prevention of Crime, Software Productivity Consortium, South Pacific Commission, Special Projects Co-ordination (UK), Statistical Process Control, Statistical Programs Coordinator, Stored Program Control, Synthetic Particulated Chaff, survey of population change, suspended plaster ceiling, special common (projectile), SCSI-3 Primary Commands, summary of product characteristics

11) Университет: Student Paper Competition

12) Электроника: Series Parallel Capacitor, Sound Processing Core, Standard Plate Count, Stored Program Control Exchange

13) Вычислительная техника: Stored Program Command, Solution Partner Center (IBM), SCSI-3 Primary Commands (SAM, SCSI)

14) Биотехнология: Stem and progenitor cell

15) Экология: Satellite Processing Center

16) Патенты: Supplementary Protection Certificate

17) Деловая лексика: Special Procedure Cost, Strategic Planning Committee, Strategic Planning Conference, Strategy Planning Concept, special purpose company

18) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: corrected

19) Производство: статистический контроль производственных процессов

20) Образование: Schools Pupil Council

21) Сетевые технологии: standard peripheral controller, контроллер стандартных периферийных устройств

22) Полимеры: soap, perfumery and cosmetics

23) Программирование: Service Program Code

24) Автоматика: система статистического контроля (производственных) процессов, статистический контроль ( производственных) процессов, устройство статистического контроля (производственных) процессов

25) Телефония: вероятность получить отказ при осуществлении звонка

26) Сахалин Р: corrected sp

27) Океанография: Storm Prediction Center

28) Макаров: spindle control

29) Безопасность: Software Protection Code

30) Расширение файла: Atari Compressed Spectrum file Bitmap graphics, Small Peripheral Controller, Text to speech, WordPerfect Special Temporary file

31) Нефть и газ: песчаная пробка (SPC = sand plug cleaning / м/р "Каражанбасмунай" - пос.старый Жетыбай), подводно-добычной модуль, подводный добычной модуль, подводно-добычной комплекс, ПДК, добычной подводный модуль, подводный модуль, подводный модуль для добычи углеводородов, offshore subsea production module, subsea production complex, subsea production module, subsea production unit, underwater production unit

32) Военно-политический термин: Supreme Political Committee

33) Антарктика: Комиссия по южной части Тихого океана

34) Электротехника: split-phase current

35) Фантастика Star Patrol Cruiser

36) Общественная организация: Suicide Prevention Care

37) NYSE. St. Paul Companies, Inc.

38) Аэропорты: Santa Cruz de la Palma, Canary Islands

39) НАСА: Solar Protective Coating

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Spc
6 spc

1) Общая лексика: Научно-Производственный Центр, Секретариат Тихоокеанского сообщества (Secretariat of the Pacific Community), Sientific and Production Company, НПФ (нучно-производственная фирма

2) Медицина: (statistical process control) статистический контроль (качества), symptoms/problems/complaints (критерий безопасности и эффективности при исследовании нового продукта медицинского назначения), Summary of Product Characteristics (при описании лекарственных сресдтв, препаратов.), Краткая характеристика лекарственного средства

3) Спорт: Service, Special Player Character, Supplementary Player Character

4) Военный термин: SIGINT Processing Center, Senior Political Committee, Specialist, Strategy and Planning Committee, single prime contractor, spare parts catalog, special common, special-purpose code

5) Техника: Siemens power corporation, Sort Parts Carefully, special program code, speech-processor chip, standby pressure control, stored program controller, stored-program control, suppression pool cooling, sync pulse generator

6) Шутливое выражение: Samurai Pizza Cats, South Park Coalition

7) Юридический термин: special purpose company( зачастую off-shore)

8) Грубое выражение: Small Penis Carrier, Stupid Pointless Crap

9) Телекоммуникации: Service Provider Code, Semi-Permanent Circuit (Telstra)

10) Сокращение: Science Program Committee, Society for the Prevention of Crime, Software Productivity Consortium, South Pacific Commission, Special Projects Co-ordination (UK), Statistical Process Control, Statistical Programs Coordinator, Stored Program Control, Synthetic Particulated Chaff, survey of population change, suspended plaster ceiling, special common (projectile), SCSI-3 Primary Commands, summary of product characteristics

11) Университет: Student Paper Competition

12) Электроника: Series Parallel Capacitor, Sound Processing Core, Standard Plate Count, Stored Program Control Exchange

13) Вычислительная техника: Stored Program Command, Solution Partner Center (IBM), SCSI-3 Primary Commands (SAM, SCSI)

14) Биотехнология: Stem and progenitor cell

15) Экология: Satellite Processing Center

16) Патенты: Supplementary Protection Certificate

17) Деловая лексика: Special Procedure Cost, Strategic Planning Committee, Strategic Planning Conference, Strategy Planning Concept, special purpose company

18) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: corrected

19) Производство: статистический контроль производственных процессов

20) Образование: Schools Pupil Council

21) Сетевые технологии: standard peripheral controller, контроллер стандартных периферийных устройств

22) Полимеры: soap, perfumery and cosmetics

23) Программирование: Service Program Code

24) Автоматика: система статистического контроля (производственных) процессов, статистический контроль ( производственных) процессов, устройство статистического контроля (производственных) процессов

25) Телефония: вероятность получить отказ при осуществлении звонка

26) Сахалин Р: corrected sp

27) Океанография: Storm Prediction Center

28) Макаров: spindle control

29) Безопасность: Software Protection Code

30) Расширение файла: Atari Compressed Spectrum file Bitmap graphics, Small Peripheral Controller, Text to speech, WordPerfect Special Temporary file

31) Нефть и газ: песчаная пробка (SPC = sand plug cleaning / м/р "Каражанбасмунай" - пос.старый Жетыбай), подводно-добычной модуль, подводный добычной модуль, подводно-добычной комплекс, ПДК, добычной подводный модуль, подводный модуль, подводный модуль для добычи углеводородов, offshore subsea production module, subsea production complex, subsea production module, subsea production unit, underwater production unit

32) Военно-политический термин: Supreme Political Committee

33) Антарктика: Комиссия по южной части Тихого океана

34) Электротехника: split-phase current

35) Фантастика Star Patrol Cruiser

36) Общественная организация: Suicide Prevention Care

37) NYSE. St. Paul Companies, Inc.

38) Аэропорты: Santa Cruz de la Palma, Canary Islands

39) НАСА: Solar Protective Coating

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > spc
7 SATS

1) Военный термин: Southwest Asia Telecommunications System, Standard Army Training System, short airfield for tactical support, simulated airborne transponder system, small airfield for tactical support, small-arms target system, small-arms training system, special assistance teams

2) Техника: satellite antenna test system, shuttle avionics test system, subassembly test system

3) Биржевой термин: Small Aircraft Transportation System

4) Сокращение: Short / Small Airfield for Tactical Support, Small Arms Target System, Small Arms Training Strategy

5) Космонавтика: Solar Alignment Test Site

6) Международная торговля: South American Trade Services

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > SATS
8 SATs

1) Военный термин: Southwest Asia Telecommunications System, Standard Army Training System, short airfield for tactical support, simulated airborne transponder system, small airfield for tactical support, small-arms target system, small-arms training system, special assistance teams

2) Техника: satellite antenna test system, shuttle avionics test system, subassembly test system

3) Биржевой термин: Small Aircraft Transportation System

4) Сокращение: Short / Small Airfield for Tactical Support, Small Arms Target System, Small Arms Training Strategy

5) Космонавтика: Solar Alignment Test Site

6) Международная торговля: South American Trade Services

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > SATs
9 opportunistic

[ˌɔpətjuː'nɪstɪk]
прил.; = opportunist

1)

а) меркантильный; приспособленческий, беспринципный

б) эк. оппортунистический (ищущий выгоды любой ценой; стремящийся достичь преимуществ в отношении партнёра, переложить на него большую часть затрат)

в) полит. оппортунистический, соглашательский ( первоначально и преимущественно в марксизме)

The prisoner's dilemma will induce people to behave in opportunistic ways. — Ситуация "дилеммы заключённых" побуждает людей к соглашательству.

•

Syn:

selfish, unprincipled, Machiavellian 2.

2)

а) гибкий, предприимчивый; приспосабливающийся, умеющий находить альтернативные решения

Our efforts are very opportunistic. — Мы действуем по обстановке.

Let your test strategy be opportunistic. — Пусть ваша испытательная стратегия будет ситуативно-обусловленной.

Why should I restrain myself from opportunistic behaviour? — Почему я не должен стремиться воспользоваться благоприятными условиями?

We have to keep in mind that we will beat them if we are opportunistic, ambitious and aggressive. — Нам следует постоянно помнить, что мы сможем одолеть их, если будем гибкими, амбициозными и напористыми.

Syn:

inventive, adaptive, malleable

б) случайный, незапланированный

opportunistic thefts from cars — случайные (незапланированные заранее) кражи вещей из машин

opportunistic criminal — преступник, совершивший незапланированное преступление, воспользовавшись предоставившейся возможностью

3) биол. приспосабливающийся; оппортунистический

Crabs are using an opportunistic foraging strategy, they are opportunistic feeders. — Крабы придерживаются оппортунистической стратегии питания, они всеядны.

Evolution is an opportunistic principle, only a very small percentage of changes does actually lead to improvements. Most reduce the fitness. — Эволюция основана на принципе приспосабливаемости - только очень маленький процент изменений действительно ведёт к улучшению организмов. Большинство (изменений) уменьшает их выживаемость.

Англо-русский современный словарь > opportunistic
10 game

1. n спортивные игры; состязания, соревнования

championship games — игры на первенство

game play — игра

game book — сборник игр

game tree — дерево игры

war game — военная игра

game of nim — игра в ним

2. n игра, партия, гейм

a game of chess — партия в шахматы

a game of tennis — один гейм в теннис

alternate game — нечётная игра, после которой игроки меняются сторонами

to win the game — выиграть

come and have a game with us — идите к нам играть, сыграйте с нами

a game of billiards — партия на бильярде

game and game — по одной выигранной партии

game and set — гейм и партия

game matrix — игр платёжная матрица

game of politics — политическая игра

game of survival — игра на выживание

operational game — операционная игра

to resume a game — возобновить игру

3. n количество очков, необходимое для выигрыша; гейм

the game is 25 — чтобы выиграть, нужно набрать 25 очков

game payoff — платёж игры; выигрыш

4. n счёт

the game is four all — счёт 4:4

advantage game — игра, выигранная в партии после счёта по пяти

5. n спорт. стиль игры

multimonic game — многошаговая игра

multistage game — многошаговая игра

strategy game — стратегическая игра

ball game — игра с мячом; игра в мяч

development game — развивающаяся игра

6. n разг. игра, предприятие

stock-market game — игра на бирже

the game of politics — политическая игра

deep game — сложная игра

losing game — безнадёжная игра, проигранное дело

to play a losing game — вести безнадёжную игру

winning game — верное дело

to play a winning game — играть наверняка

waiting game — выжидательный образ действий, выжидательная политика

lossless game — беспроигрышная игра

double game — двойная игра; лицемерие

football game — футбол; игра в футбол

free-play game — игра без ограничений

in trim for the game — готовый к игре

7. n разг. замысел, план, проект, дело

what is his game? — какие у него планы?, каковы его замыслы?

not to be in the ball game — выйти из игры; оказаться не у дел

8. n разг. обыкн. уловка, увёртка, хитрость, «фокус»

none of your games! — бросьте ваши штучки!, без фокусов!

I see through your little game — мне ясна ваша хитрость

9. n разг. шутка, потеха

you are having a game with me — ты меня обманываешь, ты шутишь надо мной

10. n разг. уст. диал. развлечение, забава

game and glee — сплошное удовольствие

11. n разг. дичь

game animal — дичь

big game — крупная дичь

game yield — выход дичи

red game — красная дичь

small game — мелкая дичь

12. n разг. объект преследования

the game of war — превратности войны

to fly at too high game — лелеять честолюбивые мечты; метить слишком высоко

13. a смелый; боевой; задорный

14. a готовый; полный желания, энтузиазма

to be game for anything — быть готовым на всё

perfect-information game — игра с полной информацией

game with perfect information — игра с полной информацией

15. v играть в азартные игры

positional game — позиционная игра

the course of the game — ход игры

decomposable game — разложимая игра

the game is mine — эту игру выиграл я

lower value of game — нижняя цена игры

16. a искалеченный, парализованный

Синонимический ряд:

1. adventuresome (adj.) adventuresome; eager; enthusiastic; willing

2. brave (adj.) audacious; aweless; bold; boldhearted; brave; bravehearted; chin-up; courageous; dauntless; doughty; fearless; gallant; greathearted; heroic; intrepid; lionhearted; manful; manly; mettlesome; nervy; plucky; resolute; soldierly; spirited; spunky; stalwart; stout; stouthearted; stout-hearted; unafraid; unblenched; unblenching; undauntable; undaunted; unfearful; valiant; valorous

3. amusement (noun) amusement; competition; contest; diversion; divertissement; entertainment; fun; jest; match; meet; pastime; play; recreation; sport; tournament

4. deal (noun) deal; hand; round

5. prank (noun) hoax; joke; prank

6. prey (noun) chase; prey; quarry; raven; victim

7. venture (noun) adventure; artifice; plan; plot; scheme; stratagem; strategy; undertaking; venture

8. put (verb) bet; gamble; lay; lay down; play; post; put; put on; set; stake; wager

Антонимический ряд:

cautious; cowardly; disinclined; drudgery; duty; grief; hunter; labor; labour; melancholy; sorrow; study; timid; toil

English-Russian base dictionary > game
11 balanced scorecard
сбалансированная карта показателей деятельности
система взаимосвязанных показателей
Методика общей оценки деятельности предприятия, предназначенная для анализа эффективности работы компании по достижению стратегических целей. Задает структуру анализа деятельности в четырех направлениях (Нортон, Каплан, США):
• финансовые показатели, отражающие рост и прибыльность компании для с точки зрения акционеров;
• показатели работы с клиентами/заказчиками;
• показатели эффективности внутренних бизнес процессов, которые ведут к удовлетворению потребностей как клиентов компании так и ее акционеров;
• показатели роста и развития организации, определяющие развитие инновационного климата и поддержки организационных преобразований.
[ http://www.lexikon.ru/dict/uprav/index.html]

Тематики
- бухгалтерский учет
Синонимы
- система взаимосвязанных показателей
EN
- balanced scorecard
сбалансированная система показателей
(ITIL Continual Service Improvement)
Инструмент управления, разработанный докторами Робертом Капланом (Гарвардская бизнес-школа) и Дэвидом Нортоном. Сбалансированная система показателей позволяет декомпозировать стратегию до ключевых показателей эффективности (КПЭ). Соотнесение производительности с КПЭ используется для демонстрации успешности исполнения реализации стратегии. Сбалансированная система показателей состоит из четырёх основных областей, каждая из которых включает в себя несколько КПЭ. Те же самые четыре области рассматриваются с различным уровнем детализации по всей организации.
[Словарь терминов ITIL версия 1.0, 29 июля 2011 г.]

EN

balanced scorecard
(ITIL Continual Service Improvement)
A management tool developed by Drs Robert Kaplan (Harvard Business School) and David Norton. A balanced scorecard enables a strategy to be broken down into key performance indicators. Performance against the KPIs is used to demonstrate how well the strategy is being achieved. A balanced scorecard has four major areas, each of which has a small number of KPIs. The same four areas are considered at different levels of detail throughout the organization.
[Словарь терминов ITIL версия 1.0, 29 июля 2011 г.]

Тематики
- информационные технологии в целом
EN
- balanced scorecard
система сбалансированных счетных карт
Один из подходов к построению/перестройке деятельности организации
Balanced Scorecard — это инструмент для перевода видения и миссии компании в систему четко поставленных целей и задач, а также показателей определяющих степень достижения данных установок в рамках четырех основных проекций: финансов, маркетинга, внутренних бизнес-процессов, обучения и роста.
С помощью данных проекций менеджеры могут ответить на следующие основные вопросы:
Какой компания представляется своим акционерам и потенциальным инвесторам? (проекция финансов)
Какой компания представляется своим покупателям? (проекция маркетинга)
Какие бизнес — процессы компания должна улучшить, от каких отказаться, на каких сосредоточиться? (проекция внутренних бизнес — процессов)
Может ли компания продолжать свое развитие, повышать эффективность и увеличивать свою стоимость? (проекция обучения и роста).
[ http://www.morepc.ru/dict/]

Тематики
- информационные технологии в целом
EN
- Balanced Scorecard
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > balanced scorecard
12 SBU

1) Военный термин: Sensitive but Unclassified, Strategic Base Unit, small battle unit

2) Юридический термин: Separate But Unequal

3) Сокращение: Special Boat Unit, silver brazing union

4) Университет: Southwest Baptist University, Stony Brook University

5) Физиология: Small Brain Unit

6) Электроника: Sequential build-up

7) Вычислительная техника: Static Binutils Unit

8) Фирменный знак: Select Business Unit

9) Деловая лексика: Separate Business Unit, Standard Business Unit, Strategy Benchmarking And Unity, структурная бизнес-единица (СБЕ)

10) Сахалин Ю: strategic business unit

11) Расширение файла: Station Buffer Unit

12) SAP.тех. стратегическая бизнес-единица

13) Нефть и газ: Sense and braking unit

14) Здравоохранение: Swedish Council on Health Technology Assessment

15) Аэропорты: Springbok, South Africa

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > SBU
13 at a premium

1)

а) фин., бирж. с премией, по цене выше номинала (о ценной бумаге, размещаемой или торгуемой на вторичном рынке по цене выше номинал)

COMBS:

at a $10 premium, at a premium of $10 — с премией в размере $10

at a 5% premium — с 5-процентной премией, с премией в размере 5%

at a premium to [over\] — с премией к (цене, номиналу), с премией сверх (цены, номинала)

at a premium over [to\] market price — с премией к рыночной цене

to issue at a premium — выпускать [эмитировать\] с премией, выпускать по цене выше номинала

to be issued at a premium — выпускаться [эмитироваться\] с премией [по цене выше номинала\]

to be placed at a premium — размещаться с премией, размещаться по цене выше номинала

When a share is traded at a premium for years, it's good for investors, employees, and management. — Когда акция в течение многих лет торгуется с премией [по цене выше номинала\], это хорошо и для инвесторов, и для работников, и для руководства.

to buy [to purchase\] (smth.) at a premium/at a premium price — покупать (что-л.) с премией

to sell (smth.) at a premium/at a premium price — продавать (что-л.) с премией

The proposal may also deprive our Class A stockholders of an opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices. — Этот проект также может лишить держателей наших акций класса "А" возможности продать акции с премией по отношению к превалирующим рыночным ценам.

Syn:

above par

Ant:

premium 1. 3) а)

See:

premium 1. 3) б) at par

б) торг. с премией, с надбавкой, по завышенной цене (напр., о товарах, продаваемых по цене выше обычной или выше, чем цены конкурентов)

COMBS:

at a $10 premium, at a premium of $10 — с премией [надбавкой\] в размере $10

at a 5% premium — с 5-процентной премией [надбавкой\], с премией [надбавкой\] в размере 5%

at a premium to [over\] (smth.) — по более высокой цене, чем (что-л.), с премией к (чему-л.), с премией по отношению к (чему-л.)

Platinum usually trades at a premium to gold. — Платина обычно продается по более высокой цене, чем золото.

Currently, US small caps are trading at a 15.7 per cent premium to large caps. — В настоящее время, акции американских компаний с маленькой капитализацией по сравнению с акциями компаний с большой капитализацией торгуются с премией в размере 15,7%.

to buy [to purchase\] (smth.) at a premium/at a premium price — покупать (что-л.) с премией [с надбавкой, по более высокой цене\]

to sell (smth.) at a premium/at a premium price — продавать (что-л.) с премией [с надбавкой, по более высокой цене\]

Alternatively, it can sell its goods or services at a premium to the cost leader by pursuing a strategy of differentiation. — Или, он может продавать свои товары и услуги по цене выше, чем у лидера по затратам, придерживаясь стратегии диверсификации.

It sells at a premium price compared to regular apple juice. — По сравнению с обычным яблочным соком, этот сок продается по более высокой цене.

Ant:

premium 1. 3) а)

See:

premium 1. 3) а)

2) общ. очень модный, в моде; в большом почете; пользующийся большим спросом

This is a trip to suit those for whom time is not at a premium. — Этот тур предназначен для тех, кто не очень дорожит временем.

Space is at a premium, with products stored closely together and stacked on high racks in narrow aisles and walkways. — Места не хватает, поэтому товары хранятся близко друг к другу и укладываются на высоких стойках в узких проходах и дорожках.

Ant:

premium 1. 3) а)

* * *
с премией: о цене акции, которая выше цены эмиссии или номинальной стоимости.

Англо-русский экономический словарь > at a premium
14 dominate

гл.

1) пол. господствовать; властвовать

Powerful nations usually dominate over small weak countries. — Сильные государства обычно доминируют над слабыми странами.

Syn:

rule, control

2) общ. доминировать, преобладать, возвышаться (над чем-л.)

3) общ. занимать всецело, поглощать

4) т. игр превосходить ( о стратегии)

See:

strategy

Англо-русский экономический словарь > dominate
15 premium

1. сущ.
сокр. prem

1) общ. награда, вознаграждение, премия (что-л. предоставляемое в качестве стимула в каком-л. проекте, какой-л. системе и пр.)

consumer premium — подарок [премия\] потребителю*

to earn premiums — зарабатывать премии

The program will award points to consumers for each brewery visit during the week, allowing them to earn premiums such as beer mugs and logo shirts.

Mortgage brokers, who match borrowers with lenders, can earn premiums by steering borrowers to higher-rate loans.

They claim that lenders on the higher-than-market rate loans will pay a premium to the mortgage broker and that those payments will be used to pay the fees associated with the low-interest loans.

See:

bonus 1), 2) advertising premium, consumer premium, container premium, employment premium, fast food premium, free-in-the-mail premium, in-pack premium, mail-in premium, on-pack premium, referral premium, reverse premium, self-liquidating premium, service release premium, with-pack premium, yield spread premium, premium bond 2), premium buyer 1), premium campaign, premium container, premium coupon, premium merchandise 1), premium offer, premium pack, premium product 2), premium service 1) а)

2) страх. = insurance premium

ATTRIBUTES: adjustable, assumed 3) а), base 3. 3) а), direct 1. 3) а), earned 1. 1) а), fixed 1. 4) а), flexible 1. 2) б), gross 1. 3) а), а initial 1. 2) б), level 2. 3) б), lump sum, net 3. 3) а), n1а outstanding 1. 3) а), periodic 1. 1) а), regular 1. 2) б), n2 subject 1. 2) б), n2 underlying 1. 2) б), n2 variable 1. 2) б), n2 written 1. 4) а), б

annual [yearly\] premium — ежегодная премия

monthly [biweekly, weekly\] premium — ежемесячная [двухнедельная, еженедельная\] премия

annual [monthly, weekly\] premium insurance — страхование с ежегодной [ежемесячной, еженедельной\] уплатой премий [премии\]

annual premium policy — полис с ежегодной уплатой премий [премии\]

ATTRIBUTES:

paid premium — уплаченная [выплаченная\] премия

The refund of paid premium is based on the insured's age at death and is decreased by any benefits paid under the plan.

Company-paid premiums are deductible by the employer as an ordinary and necessary business expense. — Уплаченные компанией премии подлежат вычету работодателем как обычные и необходимые деловые расходы.

For federal tax purposes the employer-paid premiums are taxed as additional earned income for the employee. — Для целей федерального налогообложения, уплаченные работодателем премии облагаются налогом как дополнительный заработанный доход работника.

Employee-paid premiums for health insurance vary by salary. — Размер уплачиваемых работником премий по страхованию здоровья меняется в зависимости от размера оклада.

overpaid premium — излишне уплаченная премия

We can recover overpaid premiums for the last three policy years.

unpaid premium — неуплаченная [невыплаченная\] премия

The late charge formula is the unpaid premium amount multiplied by four percent.

high premiums — высокие премии

low premiums — низкие премии

average premiums — средние премии

minimum premiums — минимальные премии

maximum premiums — максимальные премии

COMBS:

life insurance premiums, life premiums — премии по страхованию жизни

non-life insurance premiums, non-life premiums — премии по страхованию иному, чем страхование жизни; премии по страхованию "не жизни"

health insurance premiums, health premiums — премии по страхованию здоровья

liability insurance premiums, liability premiums — премии по страхованию ответственности

disability insurance premiums, disability premiums — премии по страхованию от [на случай\] нетрудоспособности

property insurance premiums, property premiums — премии по страхованию имущества

life annuity premiums — премии по пожизненному аннуитету

insurance policy premium — премия по страховому полису

health insurance policy premiums — премии по полису страхования здоровья

premium payment — уплата [выплата\] премии; премиальный платеж

Mortgage insurance premium payments are made once per year. — Выплаты премий по ипотечному страхованию осуществляются раз в год.

premium of $1000, $1000 premium — премия [надбавка\] в размере 1000 долл.

to finance premiums — финансировать премии

Our commercial premium finance program allows you to finance premiums from $0 to $200000 or more.

to waive premiums — освобождать от (уплаты) премий*

The policies in question have a waiver of premium benefit, whereby the insurer would waive premiums during any period in which the policyholder is disabled.

to cede premiums — передавать премии

We cede premiums and losses to reinsurers under quota share reinsurance agreements. — Мы передаем премии и убытки перестраховщиками на основании договоров квотного перестрахования.

to assume premiums — принимать премии

Also, under our quota share assumed reinsurance contracts, we will continue to assume premiums through the third quarter of 2006. — Также, на основании принятых договоров квотного перестрахования, мы будем продолжать принимать премии на протяжении третьего квартала 2006 г.

to write premiums — подписывать премии*; страховать*, принимать на страхование*, осуществлять страхование*

In general, for insurers to write premiums in California, they must be admitted by the Insurance Commissioner. — В общем, для того, чтобы страховщики смогли осуществлять страховую деятельность в Калифорнии, они должны получить разрешение уполномоченного по страхованию.

The company is licensed to write insurance business in all 50 states, has specialty lines in risk insurance for architects and lawyers and is expected to write premiums of $75 million this year. — Компания имеет лицензию на осуществление страховой деятельности во все 50 штатах, предлагает специальные разновидности страхования рисков для архитекторов и юристов и, как ожидается, подпишет в этом году премий на сумму 75 млн долл.

to earn premiums — зарабатывать премии

Moreover, an insurance company that earns premiums between $300,000 and $1,000,000 is taxed at a reduced rate.

to pay a premium — уплачивать премию

If you want to pay premiums for a limited time, the limited payment whole life policy gives you lifetime protection but requires only a limited number of premium payments.

to raise [to increase\] premiums — увеличивать премии

to reduce [to decrease, to cut\] premiums — уменьшать премии

premiums go up — премии растут

premiums go down — премии снижаются [уменьшаются\]

to calculate premiums — рассчитывать премии

See:

adjustable premium, advance premium, annual premium, annuity premium, base premium, beneficiary premium, deposit premium, direct premiums, earned premium, financed insurance premium, financed premium, fixed premium, flexible premium, graded premium, gross premium, in-force premiums, initial premium, level premium, lump sum premium, modified premium, mortgage insurance premium, net premium, net retained premiums, new business premiums, outstanding premiums, periodic premium, premium earned, premiums in force, premium written, regular premium, reinsurance premium, renewal premium, retained premiums, retrospective premium, return premium, single premium, subject premium, surplus line premium, surplus lines premium, underlying premium, unearned premium, valuation premium, vanishing premium, variable premium, written premium, yearly premium, overall premium limit, premium audit, premium auditor, premium base, premium bordereau, premium conversion, premium discount, premium financing, premium holiday, premium income б), premium loan, premium notice, premium rate 1) б), premium receipt, premium refund, premium subsidy, premium tax, premium trust fund, return of premium, waiver of premium, continuous-premium whole life, premium only plan, premium-to-surplus ratio

3)

а) торг. премия; наценка, надбавка ( сумма или процент сверх стандартной цены товара или услуги)

to fetch a premium [a premium price\] — продаваться с надбавкой [с премией\]

Premium products generally fetch a premium price. — Премиальные товары обычно продаются с надбавкой [с премией\].

to command a premium [a premium price\] — продаваться с надбавкой [с премией\], продаваться по премиальной цене

Some products command a premium price in the marketplace simply because they are considered to be higher in quality. — Некоторые товары продаются на рынке по премиальной цене просто из-за того, что они считаются товарами более высокого качества.

to command a premium — содержать надбавку [премию\]* (о ценах, ставках)

As long as there is a threat of war in the Middle Eastern oil fields, oil prices will command a premium. — До тех пор, пока существует угроза войны на территории средневосточных нефтяных месторождений, цены на нефть будут содержать надбавку.

to attract a premium/a premium price/a premium rate — продаваться с премией [надбавкой\], стоить дороже; оплачиваться с надбавкой [с премией\]*

Because of their locations these houses attract a premium. — Благодаря своему расположению эти дома стоят дороже.

to pay a premium — уплачивать премию

Therefore, when we buy your diamond, we can pay a premium over the current market price.

For which services are customers willing to pay a premium when flying with a low-fare airline?

Ant:

call option premium, call premium 2), put option premium, put premium, premium deal, premium income а) contingent premium option, deferred premium option

See:

fair trade premium, price premium а) premium strategy, at a premium 1) б)

б) фин. премия (сумма, на которую цена размещения или текущая рыночная цена ценной бумаги больше ее номинала)

ATTRIBUTES: amortizable б)

COMBS:

$20-a-share premium — премия в размере $20 на (одну) акцию

H-P will buy 1,2 million Convex shares at $14.875 a share, representing a 1,25-a-share premium over the price of Convex stock. — "H-P" купит 1,2 млн акций компании "Конвекс" по цене 14,875 долл. за штуку, что означает уплату премии в размере 1,25 долл. на акцию сверх цены акций "Конвекса".

COMBS:

premium over [to\] market price — премия к рыночной цене, премия сверх рыночной цены

premium over [to\] issue price — премия к эмиссионной цене, премия сверх эмиссионной цены

premium payment — уплата [выплата\] премии; премиальный платеж

Mortgage insurance premium payments are made once per year. — Выплаты премий по ипотечному страхованию осуществляются раз в год.

premium of $1000, $1000 premium — премия [надбавка\] в размере 1000 долл.

10% premium, premium of 10% — премия [надбавка\] в размере 10%

The shares jumped to a 70 per cent premium on the first day.

to amortize premium — амортизировать премию

to amortize bond premium — амортизировать премию по облигациям

Of all the common bond-tax errors, the most surprising to me is neglecting to amortize premiums paid on taxable bonds.

premium security — ценная бумага с премией

For premium securities, we project the excess coupon. payments using our prepayment assumption.

Ant:

call option premium, call premium 2), put option premium, put premium, premium deal, premium income а) contingent premium option, deferred premium option

See:

amortized premium, bond premium, call premium 1), debt premium 1) а), market premium 1) а), original issue premium, premium on capital stock, premium on share, premium on stock, price premium 1) б), redemption premium, share premium, tender offer premium, unamortized premium, amortization of premium, premium bond 1), premium price 1) б), premium raid, issue price, market price, face value а) at a premium 1) а)

в) фин. премия (при оценке стоимости предприятия или крупных пакетов акций: разница, на которую фактически согласованная цена предприятия/пакета акций больше базовой рыночной цены)

See:

acquisition premium, control premium, premium for control

г) эк. премия; надбавка (сумма, на которую цена товара, услуги или ценной бумаги превышает цену сходного товара, услуги или ценной бумаги)

Currently, US small caps are trading at a 15.7 per cent premium to large caps. — В настоящее время, акции американских компаний с маленькой капитализацией по сравнению с акциями компаний с большой капитализацией торгуются с премией в размере 15,7%.

Platinum usually trades at a premium to gold. — Платина обычно продается по более высокой цене, чем золото.

See:

at a premium 1)

д) фин. ажио (превышение стоимости золотых или серебряных денег по сравнению с бумажными деньгами)

Syn:

agio в)

See:

paper money, specie

е) эк. премия; надбавка (в самом общем смысле: дополнительная сумма, на которую увеличена базовая стоимость или другая базовая величина)

перен. to put [place\] a premium on (smth.) — считать (что-л.) исключительно важным [ценным\], придавать (чему-л.) большое значение

He put a premium on peace and stability. — Он считает исключительно важным поддержание мира и стабильности.

Employers today put a premium on reasoning skills and willingness to learn. — В наше время работодатели придают большое значение умению рассуждать и готовности учиться.

Ant:

call option premium, call premium 2), put option premium, put premium, premium deal, premium income а) contingent premium option, deferred premium option

See:

conversion premium, forward premium, inflation premium, investment currency premium, liquidity premium 2), 3), mortgage indemnity guarantee premium, mortgage indemnity premium, premium over conversion value, revenue premium, risk premium, time premium, union premium, union wage premium, warrant premium, yield premium, premium rate 1) а) at a premium 2), Canada Premium Bond, high-premium convertible debenture

4) эк. тр. премия, (премиальная) надбавка (дополнительное вознаграждение, выплачиваемое в дополнение к заработной плате в качестве поощрения за хорошую работу, работу в сверхурочные и т. п.)

COMBS:

premiums for work outside basic workday or workweek — премии за работу сверх базового рабочего дня или рабочей недели

premium payment — уплата [выплата\] премии; премиальный платеж

premium payments for overtime work — выплаты вознаграждения за сверхурочную работу

premium of $1000, $1000 premium — премия [надбавка\] в размере 1000 долл.

to attract a premium/a premium rate — оплачиваться с надбавкой [с премией\]*

In many industries work on Saturday or Sunday will attract a premium on the ordinary hourly rate. — Во многих отраслях работа в субботу или воскресенье предусматривает выплату надбавки сверх обычной часовой ставки.

to pay a premium — уплачивать премию

Neither federal law nor state law requires local government employers to give employees paid holidays or to pay a premium when employees must work on what would otherwise be a holiday.

Syn:

bonus 3)

See:

expatriate premium, foreign service premium, holiday premium, incentive premium, mobility premium, on-call premium, overtime premium, shift premium, Halsey premium plan, premium pay, premium rate 1) а)

5) фин. = option premium

Investors willing to buy stock at certain prices might consider selling puts to earn premiums, while those willing to sell shares at certain prices might think about selling calls.

When you purchase an option, you pay a premium. — Покупая опцион, вы уплачиваете премию.

See:

call option premium, call premium 2), put option premium, put premium, premium deal, premium income а) contingent premium option, deferred premium option
2. прил.
1) общ. первосортный, высшего качества [сорта\], исключительный, премиальный

premium product — премиальный товар, товар высшего сорта

premium beer — первосортное пиво

premium card — первоклассная [приоритетная, премиальная\] карта [карточка\]*

premium space — привилегированное [премиальное\] место*

premium service — премиальная услуга

premium advertising — премиальная [первосортная, элитная\] реклама*

premium customer — премиальный клиент [покупатель\]*

premium quality — премиальное [высшее\] качество; премиальный [высший\] сорт

premium grade — премиальный [высший\] сорт

See:

premium advertising, premium buyer 2), premium card, premium customer, premium grade, premium merchandise 2), premium position, premium product 1), premium quality, premium service 1) б), premium space, quality 2., inferior 2., n3

2) эк. премиальный, с премией, с надбавкой (о ценах, ставках выше обычного уровня)

premium price — цена с надбавкой, цена с премией, премиальная цена

premium rate — премиальная ставка

premium pricing — премиальное ценообразование

See:

premium price а), premium pricing, premium rate 2) а)

* * *
premium; PM; Prem премия, маржа: 1) премия (надбавка) к цене, курсу: разница между более высокой текущей (рыночной) и номинальной ценами финансового актива (напр., облигации); см. discount;
premium bond;

premium over bond value;

premium over conversion value;
2) разница между более высоким срочным (форвардным) и наличным валютными курсами, т. е. валюта на срок продается с премией; 3) ажио: более высокая стоимость золотых или бумажных денег по отношению к бумажным деньгам; 4) цена опциона: сумма, уплачиваемая за получение права продать или купить финансовый инструмент; 5) = insurance premium; 6) платеж по рентному контракту; 7) = call premium; 8) льгота, призванная привлечь вкладчиков или заемщиков, а также покупателей товаров и услуг (напр., повышенная процентная ставка, скидки с цен и др.); 9) надбавка к рыночной цене, которую иногда приходится уплачивать при заимствованиях ценных бумаг для их поставки по "короткой" продаже; 10) разница в цене между данной ценной бумагой и сходными бумагами или индексом (напр., говорят: "бумага продается с премией к аналогичным бумагам"); 11) новая ценная бумага, продающаяся с премией; 12) надбавка к рыночной цене ценных бумаг в случае тендерного предложения; см. premium raid;
tender offer.

* * *

Финансы/Кредит/Валюта

ажио

отклонение в сторону превышения рыночного курса денежных знаков и ценных бумаг от их нарицательной стоимости

-----

Инвестиционная деятельность

премия

разница между рыночной ценой и ценой эмиссии акции или ценной бумаги; при начале операции с акциями нового выпуска говорится, что рыночная цена включает премию по отношению к цене эмиссии

-----

Международное страхование

премия

сумма, выплачиваемая держателем полиса для получения страховой суммы в нужный момент

-----

Банки/Банковские операции

премия, вознаграждение, надбавка

разница между ценой привилегированной акции и ее номинальной стоимостью

Англо-русский экономический словарь > premium
16 near cash

!

гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

Introduction

This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.

Principles of the framework

The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
"
consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
" "
the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
" "
strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
"
the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.

The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
"
the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
"
the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.

Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.

Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)

The framework for public expenditure is divided between
"
Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
"
Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.

More information about DEL and AME is set out below.

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Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL)

In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.

Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.

Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.

There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.

Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME)

AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.

AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.

AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.

Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.

Total Managed Expenditure

Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.

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Resource Accounting and Budgeting ( RAB)

Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
"
Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
"
Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
"
Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
"
Administration Budgets (see below)

Administration Budgets

The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.

Spending Reviews

The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.

The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.

Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.

The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
"
provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
" "
enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
" "
introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
"
not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.

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Comprehensive Spending Review 2007

To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.

A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
"
an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
" "
an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
" "
to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
"
further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.

The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.

Obtaining good performance

Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.

The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.

Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.

Departmental Investment Strategies (DISs)

To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.

This document was updated on 19 December 2005.

Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money

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"
GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
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GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money

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GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.

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64Managing Public Money

Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash
17 HITS

1) Компьютерная техника: Headend In The Sky

2) Военный термин: Hawaii Information Transfer System, Heavy Intensive Targeting Strategy, Hughes improved terminals, Hull Integrated Technology System, Human Intelligence Tasking System, high-speed integrated test system

3) Техника: hydroacoustic impact timing system

4) Юридический термин: Homicide Investigation Tracking System, Hurt Insult Threaten Or Scream

5) Грубое выражение: How Idiots Track Sales, How Idiots Track Success

6) Сокращение: High-definition Indoor Trainer for Small-arms, Hostile Identification / Targeting System, Hughes Integrated Tank Sight (USA)

7) Транспорт: Highway In The Sky

8) Воздухоплавание: Holloman Infrared Target Simulator

9) СМИ: Hawaii Interactive Television System, High Impact Theater System

10) НАСДАК: MusicMaker.Com, Inc.

11) Должность: Hospitality Information Technology Studies, Human Information Technology Systems

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > HITS
18 MSE

1) Общая лексика: Moscow Stock Exchange (АД), МФБ (Moscow Stock Exchange), метапоисковая система

2) Компьютерная техника: Mini Shell Enhanced

3) Американизм: Mean Squared Error

4) Спорт: Motor Sports Edition

5) Военный термин: maintenance support equipment, materiel status evaluation, mechanical support equipment, medical support equipment, military standard engines, missile setting equipment, missile support equipment, mission support equipment, Mobile/Multi Subscriber Equipment (U.S. Army; Network)

6) Техника: microstore extension, microwave switch element, molten salt extraction, multistage evaporator

7) Математика: среднеквадратическая ошибка (mean square error), средний квадрат ошибки (mean squared error)

8) Железнодорожный термин: Mississippi Export Railroad Company

9) Юридический термин: Management Strategy Evaluation

10) Биржевой термин: Manila Stock Exchange, Mongolian Stock Exchange

11) Сокращение: Malaysia Shipyard & Engineering Sdn Bhd, Mobile Subscriber Equipment (USA), Mobile Subscriber Equipment

12) Вычислительная техника: MicroSoft Exchange server (MS), mean-square error

13) Банковское дело: Финансовая биржа Среднего Запада (США; Midwest Stock Exchange)

14) Транспорт: Modern Ship Equipment

15) Деловая лексика: эффективность маркетинга и продаж (Marketing and Sales Effectiveness)

16) Инвестиции: Midwest Stock Exchange

17) ЕБРР: Micro and Small Enterprises

18) Полимеры: mean square error

19) Безопасность: mobile subscriber equipment

20) Должность: Masters of Software Engineering, Materials Science And Engineering, Most Significant Ex

21) NYSE. Morgan Stanley Finance, P. L. C.

22) НАСА: Mechanically Stabilized Earth, Mission Server Element

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > MSE
19 SCS

1) Медицина: Saethre-Chotzen syndrome

2) Спорт: Single Card Strategy, Southern California Swimming

3) Военный термин: Satellite Control Squadron, Shipboard Computing System, Signal Center and School, Signal Collection System, Source Control System, satellite communication system, screening and costing staff, sea control ship, secondary control system, secret cover sheet, section control station, ship combat system, simulation control subsystem, sonar calibration set, space communication system, special communications system, special contingency stockpile, speed control system, standard coordinate system, stationary capability system, supply control study, supply control system, survivable control system, switch and control subsystem, авианесущий корабль, корабль контроля моря

4) Техника: secondary coolant system, security control system, shutdown cooling system, signal communications system, simultaneous color system, single channel of station, single-channel simplex, sodium characterization system, spacecraft control system, stabilization and control system, streamer control system, system control software

5) Сельское хозяйство: Seed Conservation Service

6) Химия: Solution Case Study

7) Религия: Seminary Computing Services, Sanctus ("saint")

8) Грубое выражение: Super Crap Service

9) Металлургия: Smooth Clean Surface (метод щёточной очистки поверхности горячекатаного листа)

10) Музыка: Star Crest Soloist

11) Телекоммуникации: SNA Character String

12) Сокращение: Sidewinder Control System, Singapore Computer Systems Limited, Society of Clinical Surgery, Submarine Control Simulator, semiconductor controlled switch

13) Физика: Stimulated Compton Scattering

14) Электроника: Satellite Communication Systems, Single Crystal Silicon

15) Вычислительная техника: Silicon Controlled Switch, Small Computer System, (systimax) Structured Cabling System (AT&T), Switch Control Software (ForeRunner, ATM), SNA Character String (IBM), Singapore Computer Society (organization, Singapur)

16) Нефть: система управления сейсмической косой (streamer control system)

17) Стоматология: Screw Carrying System

18) Картография: State Coast Service

19) Транспорт: Stop Control System

20) Фирменный знак: Specialist Courier Services

21) Экология: Soil Conservation Service

22) Деловая лексика: Store Connection System, Supply Chain Solution

23) Образование: School Computing Service

24) Сетевые технологии: structured cabling system

25) Программирование: Scalable Command Set

26) Автоматика: supervisory control system

27) Сахалин Р: Subsea Control System

28) Химическое оружие: Sample collection system, site communication system

29) Молочное производство: Soybean Corn Silage

30) Безопасность: secure communications service

31) Газоперерабатывающие заводы: станционная система управления (station control system)

32) Карачаганак: СДТУ (система диспетчерского телеуправления - напр. http://docinfo.ru/annot-5511-15.html)

33) ООН: Support to Civil Society

34) Должность: Spanish Cultural Studies

35) Чат: Soc Culture Soviet

36) НАСА: Space Collaboration System, Super Composite Skin

37) Программное обеспечение: Sound Cue System

38) Зубная имплантология: винтовая несущая система, защитный винт имплантата

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > SCS
20 SOD

1) Общая лексика: распределение обязанностей (separation of duties)

2) Компьютерная техника: Screen Of Death, Service On Demand

3) Медицина: source-object distance, septo-optic dysplasia

4) Спорт: Sire Of Distinction, Skate Or Die, Sprint On Dirt, Steal Of The Draft

5) Военный термин: Season Of Death, Secretary of Defense, Sign Of The Day, Soldiers Of Destruction, Spear Of Destiny, Special Operations Division, Strategy and Options Decision, Summer Of Death, special operations detachment, systems operational description, systems operational design

6) Техника: Societe d'Etudes pour l'Obtention du Deuterium, shallow outside diameter

7) Шутливое выражение: Sell Out Diddy

8) Химия: Super Oxide Dismutase

9) Грубое выражение: Sucking Off Dicks

10) Физиология: Septo Optic Dysplasia, Sodium

11) Нефть: optical smoke detector

12) Генетика: супероксиддисмутаза

13) Биохимия: superoxide dismutase (супероксиддисмутаза)

14) Фирменный знак: SuperOxide Dismutase

15) Экология: sediment oxygen demand

16) СМИ: Shadows Of Darkness

17) Деловая лексика: Signatures On Demand

18) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: sales office director

19) Печатные платы: Small Outline Diode

20) ООН: State Of Destruction

21) Аэропорты: Sorocaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil

22) Единицы измерений: Seconds Of Day

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > SOD

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